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Scenario 13-6 Ziva is an organic lettuce farmer, but she also spends part of her day as a professional organizing consultant. As a consultant, Ziva helps people organize their houses. Due to the popularity of her home-organization services, Farmer Ziva has more clients requesting her services than she has time to help if she maintains her farming business. Farmer Ziva charges $25 an hour for her home-organization services. One spring day, Ziva spends 10 hours in her fields planting $130 worth of seeds on her farm. She expects that the seeds she planted will yield $300 worth of lettuce. -Refer to Scenario 13-6. An economist would calculate Ziva's total cost for the day of farming to equal


A) $130.
B) $250.
C) $300.
D) $380.

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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Scenario 13-21 Suppose that a small family farm sold its output for $100,000 in a given year. The family spent $25,000 on fuel, $40,000 on seed, fertilizer, and pesticides, and $25,000 on equipment, including maintenance. The family members could have earned $20,000 working at other occupations. -Refer to Scenario 13-21. What is the economic profit for the family farm?

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Accounting profit = Total reve...

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Table 13-6 Wooden Chair Factory Table 13-6 Wooden Chair Factory   -Refer to Table 13-6. Each worker at the Wooden Chair Factory costs $12 per hour. The cost of each machine is $20 per day regardless of the number of chairs produced. Assume the number of machines does not change. If the factory produces at a rate of 78 chairs per hour, what is the total machine cost per day? A) $20 B) $40 C) $240 D) We are unable to determine total machine costs from the information given. -Refer to Table 13-6. Each worker at the Wooden Chair Factory costs $12 per hour. The cost of each machine is $20 per day regardless of the number of chairs produced. Assume the number of machines does not change. If the factory produces at a rate of 78 chairs per hour, what is the total machine cost per day?


A) $20
B) $40
C) $240
D) We are unable to determine total machine costs from the information given.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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The average-fixed-cost curve is always declining. How does this affect the relationship between the AVC and ATC curves?

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ATC = AVC + AFC, so the vertical distanc...

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Table 13-8 Table 13-8   -Refer to Table 13-8. What is the average fixed cost of producing 5 units of output? A) $4 B) $5 C) $40 D) $44 -Refer to Table 13-8. What is the average fixed cost of producing 5 units of output?


A) $4
B) $5
C) $40
D) $44

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Scenario 13-21 Suppose that a small family farm sold its output for $100,000 in a given year. The family spent $25,000 on fuel, $40,000 on seed, fertilizer, and pesticides, and $25,000 on equipment, including maintenance. The family members could have earned $20,000 working at other occupations. -Refer to Scenario 13-21. What is the accounting profit for the family farm?

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Accounting profit = Total reve...

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Average total cost is equal to


A) output/total cost.
B) total cost - total quantity of output.
C) average variable cost + total fixed cost.
D) total cost/output.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following is an example of an implicit cost?


A) salaries paid to owners who work for the firm
B) interest on money borrowed to finance equipment purchases
C) cash payments for raw materials
D) foregone rent on office space owned and used by the firm

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Table 13-14 Table 13-14   -Refer to Table 13-14. What is the total cost of producing 7 units of output? A) $10 B) $143 C) $153 D) $185 -Refer to Table 13-14. What is the total cost of producing 7 units of output?


A) $10
B) $143
C) $153
D) $185

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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​If an industry exhibits economies of scale, one larger firm may be able to produce goods at a lower long-run average cost than two smaller firms.

A) True
B) False

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For a large firm that produces and sells automobiles, which of the following costs would be a variable cost?


A) the $20 million payment that the firm pays each year for accounting services
B) the cost of the steel that is used in producing automobiles
C) the rent that the firm pays for office space in a suburb of St. Louis
D) All of the above are correct.

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Table 13-14 Table 13-14   -Refer to Table 13-14. What is the marginal cost of the 4th unit of output? A) $4 B) $10 C) $14 D) $16 -Refer to Table 13-14. What is the marginal cost of the 4th unit of output?


A) $4
B) $10
C) $14
D) $16

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Which of the following must always be true as the quantity of output increases?


A) Marginal cost must rise.
B) Average total cost must rise.
C) Average variable cost must rise.
D) Average fixed cost must fall.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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A firm has a fixed cost of $700 in its first year of operation. When the firm produces 99 units of output, its total costs are $4,000. The marginal cost of producing the 100th unit of output is $200. What is the total cost of producing 100 units?


A) $42
B) $900
C) $4,200
D) $4,900

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Suppose that a firm's long-run average total costs of producing hand-crafted chairs is $300 when it produces 10,000 chairs and $325 when it produces 11,000 chairs. For this range of output, the firm is likely experiencing


A) economies of scale.
B) constant returns to scale.
C) specialization.
D) coordination problems.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Brady Industries has average variable costs of $1 and average total costs of $3 when it produces 500 units of output. The firm's total fixed costs equal


A) $2.
B) $4.
C) $1,000.
D) $2,000.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Suppose that a firm has only one variable input, labor, and firm output is zero when labor is zero. When the firm hires 6 workers the firm produces 90 units of output. Fixed costs of production are $6 and the variable cost per unit of labor is $10. The marginal product of the seventh unit of labor is 4. Given this information, what is the average total cost of production when the firm hires 7 workers?


A) $10.06
B) $9.64
C) 81 cents
D) 70 cents

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Analyzing the behavior of the firm enhances our understanding of


A) what decisions lie behind the market supply curve.
B) how consumers allocate their income to purchase scarce resources.
C) how financial institutions set interest rates.
D) whether resources are allocated fairly.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Figure 13-2 Figure 13-2   -Refer to Figure 13-2. The graph illustrates a typical production function. Based on its shape, what does the corresponding total cost curve look like? A) an upward-sloping curve that increases at an increasing rate B) an upward-sloping curve that increases at a decreasing rate C) a downward-sloping curve D) a horizontal straight line -Refer to Figure 13-2. The graph illustrates a typical production function. Based on its shape, what does the corresponding total cost curve look like?


A) an upward-sloping curve that increases at an increasing rate
B) an upward-sloping curve that increases at a decreasing rate
C) a downward-sloping curve
D) a horizontal straight line

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Scenario 13-19 Doreen's Dairy produces and sells Swiss cheese. Last year, it produced 7,000 pounds and sold each pound for $6. In producing the 7,000 pounds, the dairy incurred variable costs of $28,000 and a total cost of $40,000. -Refer to Scenario 13-19. In producing the 7,000 pounds of cheese, the firm's average variable cost was


A) $1.71.
B) $4.00.
C) $5.71.
D) $6.00.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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