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Exam 6: Risks and Rates of Return

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Question 41

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Which of the following is NOT a potential problem when estimating and using betas, i.e., which statement is FALSE?

A) The fact that a security or project may not have a past history that can be used as the basis for calculating beta.
B) Sometimes, during a period when the company is undergoing a change such as toward more leverage or riskier assets, the calculated beta will be drastically different from the "true" or "expected future" beta.
C) The beta of an "average stock," or "the market," can change over time, sometimes drastically.
D) Sometimes the past data used to calculate beta do not reflect the likely risk of the firm for the future because conditions have changed.
E) All of the statements above are true.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Question 42

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Assume that you are the portfolio manager of the SF Fund, a $3 million hedge fund that contains the following stocks. The required rate of return on the market is 11.00% and the risk-free rate is 5.00%. What rate of return should investors expect (and require) on this fund?

A) 10.56%
B) 10.83%
C) 11.11%
D) 11.38%
E) 11.67%

F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

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Question 43

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Portfolio A has but one stock, while Portfolio B consists of all stocks that trade in the market, each held in proportion to its market value. Because of its diversification, Portfolio B will by definition be riskless.

If the price of money (e.g., interest rates and equity capital costs) increases due to an increase in anticipated inflation, the risk-free rate will also increase. If there is no change in investors' risk aversion, then the market risk premium (rM − rRF) will remain constant. Also, if there is no change in stocks' betas, then the required rate of return on each stock as measured by the CAPM will increase by the same amount as the increase in expected inflation.

Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

Assume that to cool off the economy and decrease expectations for inflation, the Federal Reserve tightened the money supply, causing an increase in the risk-free rate, rRF. Investors also became concerned that the Fed's actions would lead to a recession, and that led to an increase in the market risk premium, (rM - rRF) . Under these conditions, with other things held constant, which of the following statements is most correct?

When adding a randomly chosen new stock to an existing portfolio, the higher (or more positive) the degree of correlation between the new stock and stocks already in the portfolio, the less the additional stock will reduce the portfolio's risk.

Which of the following is most likely to occur as you add randomly selected stocks to your portfolio, which currently consists of 3 average stocks?

The risk-free rate is 6%; Stock A has a beta of 1.0; Stock B has a beta of 2.0; and the market risk premium, r_M − r_RF, is positive. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

The SML relates required returns to firms' systematic (or market) risk. The slope and intercept of this line can be influenced by a manager's actions.

Assume that your uncle holds just one stock, East Coast Bank (ECB) , which he thinks has very little risk. You agree that the stock is relatively safe, but you want to demonstrate that his risk would be even lower if he were more diversified. You obtain the following returns data for West Coast Bank (WCB) . Both banks have had less variability than most other stocks over the past 5 years. Measured by the standard deviation of returns, by how much would your uncle's risk have been reduced if he had held a portfolio consisting of 60% in ECB and the remainder in WCB? (Hint: Use the sample standard deviation formula.)

A firm can change its beta through managerial decisions, including capital budgeting and capital structure decisions.

Jim Angel holds a $200,000 portfolio consisting of the following stocks: What is the portfolio's beta?

Linke Motors has a beta of 1.30, the T-bill rate is 3.00%, and the T- bond rate is 6.5%. The annual return on the stock market during the past 3 years was 15.00%, but investors expect the annual future stock market return to be 13.00%. Based on the SML, what is the firm's required return?

Calculate the required rate of return for Climax Inc., assuming that (1) investors expect a 4.0% rate of inflation in the future, (2) the real risk-free rate is 3.0%, (3) the market risk premium is 5.0%, (4) the firm has a beta of 1.00, and (5) its realized rate of return has averaged 15.0% over the last 5 years.

The realized return on a stock portfolio is the weighted average of the expected returns on the stocks in the portfolio.

Stock A has a beta of 0.8, Stock B has a beta of 1.0, and Stock C has a beta of 1.2. Portfolio P has 1/3 of its value invested in each stock. Each stock has a standard deviation of 25%, and their returns are independent of one another, i.e., the correlation coefficients between each pair of stocks is zero. Assuming the market is in equilibrium, which of the following statements is CORRECT?

An individual stock's diversifiable risk, which is measured by its beta, can be lowered by adding more stocks to the portfolio in which the stock is held.

The CAPM is a multi-period model that takes account of differences in securities' maturities, and it can be used to determine the required rate of return for any given level of systematic risk.

A highly risk-averse investor is considering adding one additional stock to a 3-stock portfolio, to form a 4-stock portfolio. The three stocks currently held all have b = 1.0, and they are perfectly positively correlated with the market. Potential new Stocks A and B both have expected returns of 15%, are in equilibrium, and are equally correlated with the market, with r = 0.75. However, Stock A's standard deviation of returns is 12% versus 8% for Stock B. Which stock should this investor add to his or her portfolio, or does the choice not matter?