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Exam 13: Physical Properties of Solutions

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Question 21

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From the following list of aqueous solutions and water, select the one with the highest freezing point.

A) 1.0 M KNO₃
B) 0.75 M NaCl
C) 0.75 M CuCl₂
D) 2.0 M C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ (sucrose)
E) 2.0 M KNO₃

F) All of the above
G) None of the above

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Question 22

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Which of these compounds is a strong electrolyte?

A) H₂O
B) O₂
C) H₂SO₄
D) C₆H₁₂O₆ (glucose)
E) CH₃COOH (acetic acid)

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Question 23

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________ is the process used to stabilize a colloid that would otherwise not stay dispersed.

What is the name given to the process when solvent molecules surround the solute molecules?

Which is the correct description of a solution?

Hexachlorophene is used as a disinfectant in germicidal soaps. What mass of hexachlorophene (406.9 g/mol) must be added to 125 g of chloroform to give a solution with a boiling point of 62.60°C? (For chloroform, K_b = 3.63°C/m; boiling point of pure chloroform = 61.20°C)

Raoult's Law relates the vapor pressure of the solvent above the solution to its mole fraction in the solution so that Raoult's law works best when applied to ________ (concentrated or dilute) solutions.

Cinnamaldehyde (132.16 g/mol) is used as a flavoring agent. What mass of cinnamaldehyde must be added to 175 g of ethanol to give a solution whose boiling point is 82.57°C? (For ethanol, K_b = 1.22°C/m; boiling point of pure ethanol = 78.37°C)

Which of the following compounds would be most likely to dissolve in CCl₄?

What is the osmotic pressure of a solution that contains 13.7 g of propyl alcohol (C₃H₇OH) dissolved in enough water to make 500. mL of solution at 27°C? (R = 0.08206 L • atm/K • mol)

Below is a diagram representing a solvent A(l) in a 1-L beaker, and a solute X dissolved in the solvent. Solvent A has a density of 0.8 g/mL, and a molar mass of 40 g/mol. Solute X has a molar mass of 30 g/mol. Each circle of X represents 1 mol of X. Assume that the solute addition does not significantly change the volume of liquid in the beaker. What is the molality of the solute X in this solution?

What is the name given to a solution that contains more solute than it has the capacity to dissolve?

The distinguishing characteristic of all nonelectrolyte solutions is that they

Which process defines how molecular compounds form ions upon dissolution?

________ ________ are properties that depend on the number of particles dissolved.

Human blood has a molar concentration of solutes of 0.30 M. What is the osmotic pressure of blood at 25°C? (R = 0.08206 L • atm/K • mol)

Below is a representation of a sealed chamber containing pure liquid water in equilibrium with water vapor. The circles represent water vapor. If a nonvolatile solute is added to the water, which best represents the new system at equilibrium?

Automobile radiators usually carry a sticker that indicates that they must contain an antifreeze solution for proper operation, winter or summer. Why should you not use ordinary water during the summer?

The density of a 20.3 M CH₃OH (methanol) solution is 0.858 g/mL. What is the molality of this solution? H₂O is the solvent.

When sodium chloride dissolves in water, what stabilizes the ions in solution?