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Cumulus Cloud Computing Services, Inc., suffers a security breach in its computer network. Before the company discovers the breach, the perpetrator obtains a large amount of confidential data, including corporate financial records, marketing plans, and other sensitive information. Has a crime been committed? If so, what are its elements? What steps might Cumulus take to ensure that going forward only authorized users access the data on its computers? Whose efforts-those of the federal government or Cumulus-are more important in securing the company's computer infrastructure, and why?

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The breach of Cumulus's computer network...

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Jade puts up a collection of sports memorabilia for bids on BuyBuy, an Internet auction site. Khalil makes the highest bid and sends the payment, which Jade receives, but she does not send the collection. This is online


A) ​hacking.
B) ​identity theft.
C) ​phishing.
D) ​cyber fraud.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Picking pockets is not robbery.

A) True
B) False

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Bev wrongfully takes an unopened carton from a Cold Storage Warehouse loading dock, puts the carton in her car, and drives away. This is


A) ​robbery.
B) ​forgery.
C) ​larceny.
D) ​no crime.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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One purpose of criminal sanctions is to deter others from committing similar crimes in the future.

A) True
B) False

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Corporations, like persons, can be liable for crimes.

A) True
B) False

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Laird is an employee of Motor Parts, an auto parts store. On the orders of his employer, he switches trademarks on parts that come into the store to be sold to consumers. This is most likely


A) ​forgery.
B) ​larceny.
C) ​robbery.
D) ​obtaining goods by false pretenses.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Quiana, an employee of Reservations-for-Less, Inc., pays Sven, an employee of Reservations-for-Less' competitor Travel Cheap, Inc., for a secret company pricing schedule. This may be


A) ​an effective marketing strategy.
B) ​commercial bribery.​
C) ​creative legal bookkeeping.
D) ​money laundering.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Kelly is accused of receiving stolen property. She can refuse to provide information about her allegedly criminal activities


A) ​if she suspects the information will be used to prosecute her.
B) ​if the police do not promise to keep the information confidential.
C) ​if the information is "fruit of the poisonous tree."
D) ​under no circumstances.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Elbert uses FedEx in a scheme to defraud Global Sales Company by obtaining merchandise to which he is not entitled. Found guilty of mail fraud, Elbert can be punished by


A) ​imprisonment for up to fifty years.
B) ​imprisonment for up to five years and fines of up to $1,000.
C) ​fines up to $5 million.
D) ​none of the choices.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Sandy, a businessperson, is convicted of RICO offenses. Sandy's penalties may include


A) ​divestiture or dissolution of Sandy's business.
B) ​imprisonment for up to twenty years.
C) ​a fine of up to $25,000 per violation.
D) ​all of the choices.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Counterfeiting is robbery.​

A) True
B) False

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Enrico accesses Finance Bank's computer system without authority to obtain protected financial and credit records. Under federal law, this is


A) ​a felony if it was done for a commercial purpose.
B) ​a felony if the bank brings a civil suit against Enrico.
C) ​not a crime.
D) ​a crime but not a felony.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Sun-Hi, who operates a Pan-Asian restaurant in her apartment, is charged with criminal violations of the local health and building codes, state license regulations, and federal environmental statutes. The standard of proof to find a defendant who has been charged with a crime guilty is


A) ​a preponderance of the evidence.
B) ​a unanimous verdict.
C) ​beyond a reasonable doubt.
D) ​clear and convincing evidence.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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No federal statute specifically addresses cyber crime.

A) True
B) False

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In a criminal case, the state must prove its case by a preponderance of the evidence.

A) True
B) False

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Mia offers Nevin, a building inspector, money to overlook the violations in her new warehouse. Nevin accepts the money and overlooks the violations. Mia is charged with the crime of bribery. The crime occurred when


A) ​Mia decided to offer the bribe.
B) Mia offered the bribe.​
C) ​Nevin accepted the bribe.
D) ​Nevin overlooked the violations.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Ryan is accused of auto theft. Ryan refuses to give information related to his alleged criminal activities because he suspects it will be used to prosecute him. This is


A) ​duress.
B) ​entrapment.
C) ​the privilege against self-incrimination.
D) ​necessity.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Via the Internet, Rocco sabotages the computer system of Quik Chik'n Inc., a food manufacturer, with the purpose of altering the levels of ingredients of the company's products so that consumers of the food become ill. Rocco is


A) ​a cyberterrorist.
B) ​a network employee.
C) ​an entrapper.
D) ​a prosecutor.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Cameron is an accountant in the accounting department of Data Analytics Company. Cameron's son's college tuition is due within a week, or he cannot continue taking classes. To meet the due date, Cameron transfers funds from Data Analytics to a fictitious bank account, planning to repay the firm within one month. The transfer is discovered before the firm is repaid, and Cameron is arrested. What crime, or crimes, if any, has Cameron committed?

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Cameron committed at least embezzlement....

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