Question 1

The principal cation in cytoplasm is

Accepted Answer

A)   sodium.
B)   potassium.
C)   calcium.
D)   magnesium.
E)   chloride.F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 2

A patient on a ventilator subjected to excessive minute volume is at risk for

Accepted Answer

A)   respiratory acidosis.
B)   respiratory alkalosis.
C)   metabolic acidosis.
D)   metabolic alkalosis.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 3

When the pH rises above 7.45, a state of ________ exists.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When the pH rises above 7.45, a...

Question 4

In an adult male, the body consists of about ________ percent water.

Accepted Answer

A)   60
B)   90
C)   40
D)   10
E)   80F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 5

Hypoventilation leads to

Accepted Answer

A)   respiratory acidosis.
B)   respiratory alkalosis.
C)   metabolic acidosis.
D)   metabolic alkalosis.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 6

Aldosterone

Accepted Answer

A)   is secreted in response to decreased blood volume.
B)   promotes sodium retention in the kidneys.
C)   helps increase blood volume and raise blood pressure.
D)   all of the above
E)   none of the aboveF) None of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 7

The release of natriuretic peptides from the heart will cause the body to

Accepted Answer

A)   conserve sodium ions.
B)   decrease ECF.
C)   excrete sodium ions.
D)   both conserve sodium ions and decrease ECF.
E)   both decrease ECF and excrete sodium ions.F) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 8

A patient who has been both vomiting and having diarrhea is losing ________ from his body.

Accepted Answer

A)   water
B)   sodium ions
C)   bicarbonate ions
D)   hydrogen ions
E)   all of the aboveF) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 9

Why does potassium concentration rise in patients with acidosis?
 What is this called?
 What effects does it have?

Accepted Answer

When pH is low, hydrogen ion levels in t...

Question 10

Which hormone stimulates the thirst mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)   ADH
B)   epinephrine
C)   ECF
D)   natriuretic peptides
E)   norepinephrineF) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 11

Antidiuretic hormone

Accepted Answer

A)   is secreted by the pituitary.
B)   stimulates water intake.
C)   stimulates water conservation by the kidneys.
D)   all of the above
E)   none of the aboveF) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 12

About two-thirds of the body fluid is within cells and is termed ________ fluid.

Accepted Answer

A)   intracellular
B)   intercellular
C)   extracellular
D)   interstitial
E)   vitalF) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 13

Excess hydrogen ion is eliminated from the body largely by

Accepted Answer

A)   sweating.
B)   the kidneys.
C)   the liver.
D)   the feces.
E)   buffers.F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 14

Which hormone plays a central role in determining the rate of sodium reabsorption?

Accepted Answer

A)   ADH
B)   aldosterone
C)   ECF
D)   natriuretic peptides
E)   epinephrineF) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 15

Severe kidney damage (such as glomerulonephritis)  often leads to

Accepted Answer

A)   respiratory acidosis.
B)   respiratory alkalosis.
C)   metabolic acidosis.
D)   metabolic alkalosis.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 16

Angiotensin II produces a coordinated elevation in the ECF volume by

Accepted Answer

A)   stimulating thirst.
B)   causing deceased urinary water loss.
C)   causing increase Na⁺ retention.
D)   all of the above
E)   none of the aboveF) A) and C)
G) B) and C)

Question 17

Secretion of potassium into the urine is

Accepted Answer

A)   increased by aldosterone.
B)   associated with the reabsorption of sodium from the distal tubules and collecting ducts.
C)   reduced when the exchange pump binds H⁺.
D)   all of the above
E)   none of the aboveF) All of the above
G) D) and E)

Question 18

The primary role of the carbonic-acid-bicarbonate buffer system is to

Accepted Answer

A)   buffer stomach acid.
B)   buffer carbonic acid formed by carbon dioxide.
C)   limit pH changes caused by organic and fixed acids.
D)   buffer the urine.
E)   increase ventilation.F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 19

Which of the following is required as a cofactor for hemoglobin synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)   manganese
B)   phosphorus
C)   zinc
D)   copper
E)   none of the aboveF) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 20

A(n) ________ consists of a combination of a weak acid and its associated anion.

Accepted Answer

buffer or ...

Exam 24: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

A(n) ________ consists of a combination of a weak acid and its associated anion.

Correct Answerverifiedbuffer or ...View AnswerShow Answer

Antidiuretic hormone

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The primary role of the carbonic-acid-bicarbonate buffer system is to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Excess hydrogen ion is eliminated from the body largely by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The release of natriuretic peptides from the heart will cause the body to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When the pH rises above 7.45, a state of ________ exists.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which hormone stimulates the thirst mechanism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hypoventilation leads to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an adult male, the body consists of about ________ percent water.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A patient on a ventilator subjected to excessive minute volume is at risk for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

About two-thirds of the body fluid is within cells and is termed ________ fluid.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Severe kidney damage (such as glomerulonephritis) often leads to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is required as a cofactor for hemoglobin synthesis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Angiotensin II produces a coordinated elevation in the ECF volume by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The principal cation in cytoplasm is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why does potassium concentration rise in patients with acidosis? What is this called? What effects does it have?

Correct AnswerverifiedWhen pH is low, hydrogen ion levels in t...View AnswerShow Answer

Secretion of potassium into the urine is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aldosterone

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A patient who has been both vomiting and having diarrhea is losing ________ from his body.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which hormone plays a central role in determining the rate of sodium reabsorption?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified
buffer or ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
When pH is low, hydrogen ion levels in t...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified