Question 1

Within each lamella of the gill filaments,the blood flows _______________ compared to the water in what is called countercurrent flow.

Accepted Answer

A)  in the same direction
B)  faster
C)  slower
D)  in the opposite directionE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Breathing 100% oxygen while in Los Angeles is likely to have what short term effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  more hemoglobin will be loaded with oxygen
B)  no effect
C)  carbon dioxide concentration in the blood will lower
D)  hemoglobin unloading of oxygen will be impaired
E)  pH of the blood will decrease dramaticallyF) A) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 3

During exercise,the blood returning to a person's heart contains hemoglobin that is about ______ saturated.

Accepted Answer

A)  3%
B)  22%
C)  35%
D)  75%
E)  97%F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 4

Fick's law of diffusion states that the rate of diffusion across a membrane depends on all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  surface areA.
B)  concentration difference.
C)  distance.
D)  flow.
E)  the substance which is diffusing.F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 5

______________ is the carrier molecule that transports oxygen through the circulatory system of vertebrates.

Accepted Answer

A)  Hemocyanin
B)  Carbonic anhydrase
C)  Myoglobin
D)  HemoglobinE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 6

Human cannot survive long at altitudes greater than 6000m because _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  alveoli become too small at the lower atmospheric pressures
B)  the diffusion of O2 becomes too low at that atmospheric pressure
C)  the partial pressure of O2 becomes less than half that at sea level
D)  the diaphragm cannot be contracted enough to produce a full breathE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 7

The general term that describes the uptake of oxygen from the environment and the disposal of carbon dioxide at the body system level is

Accepted Answer

A)  cellular respiration.
B)  inspiration.
C)  exhalation.
D)  respiration.
E)  diffusion.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 8

Each breath is initiated by neurons in the "respiratory control center" located in the

Accepted Answer

A)  spinal cord.
B)  larynx.
C)  cerebellum.
D)  brain stem.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 9

_____________ are used for respiration by aquatic vertebrates.

Accepted Answer

A)  Lungs
B)  Tracheal tubes
C)  Moist skin surfaces
D)  GillsE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 10

In emphysema,the aveoli are reduced in number and ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  size
B)  elasticity
C)  stiffness
D)  connectivityE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 11

CO2 is more easily transferred into water through respiratory membranes compared to O2 because

Accepted Answer

A)  CO2 is a smaller molecule than O2.
B)  CO2 moves faster than O2.
C)  CO2 is more soluble in water than O2.
D)  CO2 has a higher surface cohesion than O2.
E)  CO2 is a larger molecule than O2.F) None of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 12

Which of the following is not a solute found in the plasma?

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolites,wastes,and hormones
B)  ions
C)  albumins
D)  collagen
E)  globulinsF) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 13

______________ are used for respiration by terrestrial insects.

Accepted Answer

A)  Gills
B)  Moist skin surfaces
C)  Lungs
D)  Tracheal tubesE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 14

The primary advantage of gills for gas exchange in aquatic organisms versus the body surface is that _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  gills are located near the mouth
B)  gills contain a countercurrent exchange system
C)  gills have a much greater diffusion surface area
D)  gills increase resistance to movementE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 15

What is the likely scenario triggering breathing in humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  low blood pCO2
B)  high blood pCO2
C)  low blood pO2
D)  high blood pO2
E)  both low blood pO2 and high blood pCO2F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 16

Which of these animals has one-way flow through its lungs,whereas all the others have two-way flow?

Accepted Answer

A)  birds
B)  amphibians
C)  mammals
D)  reptilesE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 17

The axolotl,an aquatic amphibian,uses ______ for respiration.

Accepted Answer

A)  internal gills
B)  external gills
C)  lungs
D)  wet skinE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

Protruding papulae on the surface of echinoderms improve respiratory efficiency by _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  decreasing the distance for diffusion
B)  increasing the surface area for diffusion
C)  increasing the concentration difference
D)  changing the diffusion constantE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

______________ are used for respiration by terrestrial vertebrates.

Accepted Answer

A)  Gills
B)  Moist skin surfaces
C)  Lungs
D)  Tracheal tubesE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 20

Which of these animals has the greatest respiratory efficiency?

Accepted Answer

A)  insects
B)  reptiles
C)  birds
D)  mammals
E)  amphibiansF) A) and C)
G) All of the above

Exam 49: The Respiratory System

Each breath is initiated by neurons in the "respiratory control center" located in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The axolotl,an aquatic amphibian,uses ______ for respiration.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

______________ are used for respiration by terrestrial vertebrates.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Human cannot survive long at altitudes greater than 6000m because _________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The general term that describes the uptake of oxygen from the environment and the disposal of carbon dioxide at the body system level is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In emphysema,the aveoli are reduced in number and ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

CO2 is more easily transferred into water through respiratory membranes compared to O2 because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the likely scenario triggering breathing in humans?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____________ are used for respiration by aquatic vertebrates.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During exercise,the blood returning to a person's heart contains hemoglobin that is about ______ saturated.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

______________ is the carrier molecule that transports oxygen through the circulatory system of vertebrates.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The primary advantage of gills for gas exchange in aquatic organisms versus the body surface is that _________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these animals has one-way flow through its lungs,whereas all the others have two-way flow?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not a solute found in the plasma?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these animals has the greatest respiratory efficiency?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Protruding papulae on the surface of echinoderms improve respiratory efficiency by _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Within each lamella of the gill filaments,the blood flows _______________ compared to the water in what is called countercurrent flow.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

______________ are used for respiration by terrestrial insects.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fick's law of diffusion states that the rate of diffusion across a membrane depends on all of the following except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Breathing 100% oxygen while in Los Angeles is likely to have what short term effect?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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CO₂ is more easily transferred into water through respiratory membranes compared to O₂ because

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