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Eight-year-old Ella can use scissors to cut small paper dolls out of construction paper, something she could not do at age 3. What best accounts for her improving dexterity?


A) Cortical thickening in the temporal lobe
B) Increased myelination of the central nervous system
C) Increased bone ossification
D) Increased muscle development

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Interventions with children who have a learning disability often focus on improving:


A) math ability.
B) right and left brain functioning.
C) writing skills.
D) reading ability.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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If the word "win" is on a list of words a child is asked to remember, the child might think of the last time he won a pony race with a friend. This is an example of _____.


A) rehearsal
B) organization
C) inclusion
D) elaboration

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Compare and contrast convergent thinking with divergent thinking.

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Convergent thinking produces one correct...

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During the elementary school years, children grow an average of _____ inches a year.


A) 1 to 2
B) 2 to 3
C) 5 to 7
D) 7 to 10

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Identify and describe the most common child cancer.

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The most common cancer in children is le...

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The _____ not only provide an overall IQ score, but they also yield several composite indexes that allow the examiner to quickly determine the areas in which the child is strong or weak.


A) Wechsler scales
B) Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scales
C) Stanford-Binet tests
D) Apgar Scales

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Moira's teacher asks her to put sticks in order from smallest to largest. The cognitive ability to order stimuli along a quantitative dimension is known as _____.

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Those individuals who have IQs of 55 to 70 fall into the _____ category of mental retardation.


A) mild
B) moderate
C) severe
D) profound

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Luis is able to organize coins in a row from the largest in size to the smallest. His newfound ability is called _____.


A) centration
B) seriation
C) reversibility
D) classification

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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_____ are characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells.


A) Blood and bone cancers
B) All child cancers
C) Skin and bone cancers
D) Skin and blood cancers

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Many intelligence tests are biased in that they:


A) test predominantly nonverbal skills.
B) consider the values common to all test takers.
C) reflect the cultures of some test takers more than others.
D) use only standardized test items familiar to all test takers.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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At some point during the early elementary school years, children begin to use _____ more and, according to the fuzzy trace theory, this contributes to the improved memory and reasoning of older children.


A) verbatim traces
B) elaboration
C) verbal traces
D) gist

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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This theorist distinguished between convergent thinking and divergent thinking.

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Which was the largest group of students with a disability to be served by federal programs and receive special education in the 2008-2009 school year?


A) Students with a learning disability
B) Students with speech or language impairments
C) Students with intellectual disability
D) Emotionally disturbed students

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Ethan is a gifted 14-year-old child who excels academically and has an IQ of 140. In the light of the findings from Lewis Terman's study of high IQ children, it is likely that Ethan is:


A) suffering from a mental disorder.
B) maladjusted.
C) more mature than others his own age.
D) at higher risk for emotional problems.

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Which of the following is true about second-language learning?


A) For adolescents and adults, new vocabulary is easier to learn than new sounds or new grammar.
B) Children's ability to pronounce words with a native-like accent in a second language typically increases with age.
C) Sensitive periods for learning a second language are constant across different language systems.
D) Adults tend to learn a second language slower than children, but their final level of second-language attainment is higher.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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Who among the following would have good spatial abilities?


A) A journalist
B) A theologian
C) A botanist
D) An architect

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following improves considerably during the elementary school years?


A) Metalinguistic awareness
B) Postconventional reasoning
C) Formal Operational thought
D) Metapragmatics

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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At Jackson Elementary, children are taught to read by learning to recognize entire words and sentences and to use the context words are used in the text to guess their meaning. Their reading material consists of stories, poems, and later, newspapers and magazines. This school is using the _____ approach to reading instruction.


A) assisted-language
B) remedial-language
C) phonics
D) whole-language

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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