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Jill is a sales representative for a large pharmaceutical corporation. According to the current compensation system, if Jill meets her target for the quarterly sales projections, she will receive a bonus equivalent to 7% of her annual salary. Jill is working hard to meet the sales goal so that she can use the bonus money as a down payment on a new car for herself. Which of the following is true regarding Jill's motivation?


A) It comes from a sense of competence.
B) It comes from a sense of progress.
C) It is a consequence of job redesign.
D) It is intrinsically motivated.
E) It is extrinsically motivated.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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What kind of goals is best for jobs with clear and readily measured outcomes?


A) Behavioral
B) Objective
C) Task
D) Project
E) Reinforcement

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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A performance goal involves enhancing knowledge or skill.

A) True
B) False

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A tendency to avoid all extreme judgments and rate people and objects as average or neutral is known as the leniency bias.

A) True
B) False

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What is "pay for performance"? Do pay for performance plans make organizations more effective? How should organizations make pay for performance work for them?

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Pay for performance is the popular term ...

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Identify and define the two basic types of goals. Describe the goal-setting process, explaining what a manager should do in each step.

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The potentially vast number of goals you...

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Feedback is most likely to be perceived accurately and thus more likely to be acted on when it is seen as instrumental to an important or valued outcome.

A) True
B) False

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Goals should always be stated in terms of measured outcomes.

A) True
B) False

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What is performance management? What are the steps in effective performance management? Why is understanding performance management important for managers?

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Performance management is a set of proce...

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Explain how organizations can use the ideas behind reinforcement schedules to increase organizational performance.

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The majority of work organizations rely ...

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In the leniency perceptual error, a person:


A) Forms an overall impression, and then uses that impression to bias ratings
B) Avoids all extreme judgments and rates everyone as average or neutral
C) Evaluates people by comparing them with characteristics of recently observed people
D) Consistently evaluates people in an extremely positive fashion
E) Relies on most recent information

F) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

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Extrinsic rewards come from ________ and intrinsic rewards come from ________.


A) The organization; coworkers
B) The organization; the environment
C) The environment; oneself
D) The environment; society
E) Oneself; the organization

F) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

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Negative feedback can have a positive motivational effect.

A) True
B) False

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Philip got a mail from his supervisor with compliments and praises for his work over the past few months. This instance is an example of a __________ schedule of reinforcement.


A) Continuous
B) Fixed ratio
C) Variable ratio
D) Fixed interval
E) Variable interval

F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

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Avoiding extreme judgments and rating people and objects as average or neutral is known as the _______ perceptual error.


A) Halo
B) Leniency
C) Central tendency
D) Recency
E) Contrast effects

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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The "law of effect" states that:


A) Whatever can go wrong, will go wrong
B) Behavior with favorable consequences tends to be repeated
C) People are motivated by punishment
D) Garbage in, garbage out
E) Leadership affects how people perform

F) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

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Typically, managers overemphasize performance goals and underemphasize learning goals.

A) True
B) False

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Anna blinks her eyes whenever she looks up at the sun. This is an example of __________.


A) Respondent behavior
B) A learned reaction
C) Behavioral contingency
D) Operant behavior
E) Law of effect

F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

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An effective performance management system consists of four steps that form a feedback loop.

A) True
B) False

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Managers should reward workers for finally achieving a goal, but it is a mistake to reward them for mere progress toward the goal.

A) True
B) False

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