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Sales and profits both exhibit a steady downward trend throughout which stage of the product life cycle?


A) introduction
B) growth
C) maturity
D) decay
E) decline

F) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

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Which of the following responses would signal the need for a firm to counteract a risk barrier?


A) "This suit looks great on me!"
B) "What if I can't make the monthly payments?"
C) "I don't want to try this if it means I have to swallow it with milk."
D) "Big deal, the only difference is the shape of the package."
E) "Sure I'll try it; why not!"

F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

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Explain the following statement: "Packaging provides communication, functional and perceptual benefits for manufacturers, retailers, and consumers."

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Packages provide important benefits for ...

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Strategies that alter a product's characteristic such as its quality, performance, or appearance to increase the product's value to customers and increase sales are referred to as _________.


A) market modification
B) product modification
C) product repositioning
D) market-product strategy
E) diversification

F) None of the above
G) B) and E)

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Private branding is also referred to as private labeling or _________.


A) reseller branding
B) generic branding
C) multibranding
D) co-branding
E) multiproduct branding

F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

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At which stage of the product life cycle is a company most likely to have its fullest product line?


A) introduction
B) growth
C) maturity
D) decline
E) harvest

F) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

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Mattel has contractually agreed to let Colgate use the Barbie name and image on kids' toothpaste and toothbrushes.Colgate pays Mattel a fee for the use of the Barbie name and image.This is an example of


A) manufacturer branding.
B) generic branding.
C) reseller branding.
D) mixed branding.
E) brand licensing.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

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Why would the manufacturer of a new all-natural-ingredient shampoo and conditioner put free samples of the product in Sunday newspapers?


A) to simulate laggard usage of the product
B) to encourage product trial and adoption
C) to control innovation diffusion
D) to avoid any possibility of litigation
E) to circumvent the typical adoption cycle

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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What is the name of the soft drink in Figure 11-12 above and why are you able to answer that question? Explain which marketing terms address the connection of this image to this product.

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You can tell this is a Coke bottle simpl...

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Brand licensing refers to


A) the registration fee paid by a manufacturer to states, provinces, or countries in order to sell its products there.
B) a branding strategy in which the producer dictates the brand name to retailers for the products sold to their respective markets.
C) a branding strategy in which a company uses one name for all of its products.
D) a contractual agreement whereby a company allows another firm to use its brand name, patent, trade secret, or other product for a royalty or fee.
E) a branding strategy in which manufacturers produce products but sell them under the brand name of a wholesaler or retailer.

F) D) and E)
G) None of the above

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As product adopters, laggards typically


A) fear debt and use neighbors and friends as information sources.
B) are skeptical and have below average social status.
C) act with deliberation and use many informal social contacts.
D) are leaders in social standing and have slightly above average education when compared to the other adopter classes.
E) are venturesome, better educated than other product adopters, and use multiple information sources.

F) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

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Four key challenges for package and label designers include (1) cost reduction, (2) a continued need to connect with customers, (3) health, safety, and security issues, and (4) _________.


A) governmental regulations
B) environmental concerns
C) competition from global markets
D) diminishing color, symbol, and trademark selections
E) social and societal impact

F) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

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A risk with __________ is that too many uses for one brand name can dilute the meaning of a brand for consumers.


A) brand extension
B) family branding
C) co-branding
D) blanket branding
E) mixed branding

F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Imagine that Eveready has developed solar rechargeable batteries that cost only slightly more to produce than regular batteries (less than the rechargeable batteries currently available) and can be recharged by sunlight up to 5 times, after which they are meant to be discarded.Unfortunately, the production process cannot be patented, and competitors could arrive within a few months.Which of the following would be the least sound marketing decision?


A) Select a skimming strategy for pricing to establish the product as "premiere."
B) Seek widespread distribution to gain a foothold in what might be a potentially huge market.
C) Limit production capacity until you are certain people will actually want the product.
D) Avoid a connection to the Eveready brand until the product has proven itself.
E) Brand the product under multiple names to discourage other competitors from entering the market.

F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

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Which of the following is the most important aspect conveyed by the FedEx brand?


A) its international experience
B) the benefits provided by the service
C) the ownership of the company
D) the nonprofit aspect of the company
E) the patent for its service

F) None of the above
G) C) and E)

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During the introduction stage of the product life cycle, a(n) _________ strategy may be used.This pricing strategy charges a high price to recoup the costs of product development as well as capitalize on the price insensitivity of early buyers.


A) penetration pricing
B) cost-plus pricing
C) ROI pricing
D) market-oriented pricing
E) skimming pricing

F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

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The classifications of innovator, early adopters, early majority, laggards, and late majority are all based upon


A) when they adopt a new product.
B) how frequently a consumer uses a product.
C) shopping styles and purchase preferences.
D) how much time it takes to educate a consumer in the use of a new technology.
E) how quickly specific groups respond to an advertising message or campaign.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Hybrid automobiles and 3D television (3D high definition TV) are in which stage of the product life cycle?


A) introduction
B) growth
C) maturity
D) decline
E) harvest

F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

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When Coca-Cola promoted Coke as a morning beverage when you didn't want coffee, it was using


A) product modification.
B) brand modification.
C) market modification.
D) market-product extension.
E) diversification.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Johnson & Johnson effectively repositioned St.Joseph Aspirin from one for infants to an adult low-strength aspirin to reduce the risk of heart problems or strokes, This is an example of which of the four factors that may trigger a repositioning action?


A) reacting to a competitor's position
B) reaching a new market
C) catching a rising trend
D) changing the value offered
E) product modification

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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