Question 1

With regard to the physiological basis of temperament,Jerome Kagan argues that children inherit a physiology that predisposes them to develop a particular type of temperament.He also believes that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the environment does not play a role in shaping temperament.
B)  through experience children learn to modify their temperament.
C)  temperament does not take its final shape until the child has interacted with caregivers.
D)  previous theories are incorrect.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

According to Jerome Kagan (2002,2003) ,temperament can be classified by focusing on:

Accepted Answer

A)  differences between children who are considered easy and those considered more difficult.
B)  differences between children who are usually cheerful and those who cry a lot of the time.
C)  differences between children who are shy and timid and those who are sociable and bold.
D)  differences between children who are high on effortful control and those who are low on it.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

A goodness of fit occurs when a child's temperament matches:

Accepted Answer

A)  environmental demands.
B)  the parent's temperament.
C)  the parent's attachment style.
D)  reciprocal interactions.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 4

This theorist stressed the importance of "contact comfort" in the development of attachment between an infant and his or her caregiver.

Accepted Answer

The answer of This theorist stressed the importance of "contact...

Question 5

Describe the classic study of attachment by Harlow,including the outcomes of that study.

Accepted Answer

These researchers evaluated whether feed...

Question 6

An attachment classification that is characterized by the infant's behaviors in the Strange Situation.These infants do not explore the playroom when the caregiver is present,often cry loudly when the caregiver leaves the room,yet resist the caregivers attempt to comfort them (e.g. ,kicking or pushing away)on reunion.

Accepted Answer

insecure r...

Question 7

This theorist argues that inhibition is one of the key characteristics of temperament.

Accepted Answer

The answer of This theorist argues that inhibition is one...

Question 8

Marcos is 16 and eager to graduate from high school and go on to college.He has a clear sense of what he wants for a career and has well-defined values.Which of the following best accounts for Marcos' sense of identity?

Accepted Answer

A)  He developed autonomy during childhood.
B)  He has a close attachment with his parents.
C)  He has an easy temperament.
D)  He developed trust as an infant.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 9

Nine-month-old Tyler is placed in front of a mirror with a spot of rouge on his nose.Tyler will most likely:

Accepted Answer

A)  touch his own nose to wipe off the spot.
B)  touch the spot on the mirror,because he wants to wipe the spot off his own nose.
C)  touch the spot on the mirror,because he wonders why that other child has a spot on his nose.
D)  touch his own nose and then the mirror,because he recognizes his self.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Javier and his father are at the circus.A clown jumps in front of them,and Javier looks at his father to see if he is afraid or laughing.Javier is using:

Accepted Answer

A)  social referencing.
B)  emotional regulation.
C)  social reassurance.
D)  modeling.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Three-month-old Zoey looks up at her mother and smiles.Researchers call this type of smiling:

Accepted Answer

A)  trust smiling.
B)  social smiling.
C)  reflexive smiling.
D)  attachment smiling.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 12

If an infant is raised in a neglectful environment and is not comforted or soothed during distress,the infant will most likely be delayed in:

Accepted Answer

A)  the development of emotions.
B)  the expression of emotions.
C)  the regulation of emotions.
D)  expressing positive but not negative emotions.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 13

Define attachment.

Accepted Answer

Attachment is a clos...

Question 14

Juanita notes that some days with her baby are harder than others."When I'm rested,he laughs and plays,and then I feel even better.But when I'm tired,it seems that he is crankier than ever,and then I get even crankier,and it just gets worse and worse!" These differences are the result of:

Accepted Answer

A)  attachment.
B)  reciprocal socialization.
C)  the infant socializing the parent.
D)  the parent socializing the infant.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 15

List the four types of attachment as identified by Mary Ainsworth (1979)and measured in the Strange Situation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List the four types of attachment as...

Question 16

In the Strange Situation,Latoya basically ignored her mother,was not upset when she left the room,and did not seek her out when she returned.Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Latoya as:

Accepted Answer

A)  securely attached.
B)  insecure avoidant.
C)  insecure resistant.
D)  insecure antisocial.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

An infant's distressed reaction when the caregiver leaves.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An infant's distressed reaction when the caregiver...

Question 18

Which of the following would Erik Erikson be most likely to recommend about soothing a crying infant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Do not soothe the baby,because he or she will be spoiled.
B)  Pick up the baby and soothe him or her so that a healthy sense of trust develops.
C)  Arrange the environment to meet all the baby's needs,so that he or she does not need to cry.
D)  Soothe the baby about every other time,so that he or she does not become dependent on external comforters.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Attachment refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  a close bond between an infant and a caregiver.
B)  a close bond between an infant and a contact comfort object.
C)  an infant's tendency to use the mother as a secure base for exploring the world.
D)  a positive reaction to being held and played with by people other than the primary caregiver.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

What types of behaviors in caregivers create a sense of shame and doubt in children?

Accepted Answer

A)  overprotectiveness and criticism
B)  neglectfulness and indifference
C)  punitiveness and sarcasm
D)  enmeshment and fearE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Exam 4: Socioemotional Development in Infancy

What types of behaviors in caregivers create a sense of shame and doubt in children?

Correct Answer
verified

An infant's distressed reaction when the caregiver leaves.

Correct Answer
verified

Marcos is 16 and eager to graduate from high school and go on to college.He has a clear sense of what he wants for a career and has well-defined values.Which of the following best accounts for Marcos' sense of identity?

Correct Answer
verified

Javier and his father are at the circus.A clown jumps in front of them,and Javier looks at his father to see if he is afraid or laughing.Javier is using:

Correct Answer
verified

Define attachment.

Correct Answer
verified
Attachment is a clos...
View Answer

In the Strange Situation,Latoya basically ignored her mother,was not upset when she left the room,and did not seek her out when she returned.Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Latoya as:

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following would Erik Erikson be most likely to recommend about soothing a crying infant?

Correct Answer
verified

List the four types of attachment as identified by Mary Ainsworth (1979)and measured in the Strange Situation.

Correct Answer
verified

Juanita notes that some days with her baby are harder than others."When I'm rested,he laughs and plays,and then I feel even better.But when I'm tired,it seems that he is crankier than ever,and then I get even crankier,and it just gets worse and worse!" These differences are the result of:

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
insecure r...
View Answer

Three-month-old Zoey looks up at her mother and smiles.Researchers call this type of smiling:

Correct Answer
verified

This theorist stressed the importance of "contact comfort" in the development of attachment between an infant and his or her caregiver.

Correct Answer
verified

This theorist argues that inhibition is one of the key characteristics of temperament.

Correct Answer
verified

Describe the classic study of attachment by Harlow,including the outcomes of that study.

Correct Answer
verified
These researchers evaluated whether feed...
View Answer

According to Jerome Kagan (2002,2003) ,temperament can be classified by focusing on:

Correct Answer
verified

If an infant is raised in a neglectful environment and is not comforted or soothed during distress,the infant will most likely be delayed in:

Correct Answer
verified

Nine-month-old Tyler is placed in front of a mirror with a spot of rouge on his nose.Tyler will most likely:

Correct Answer
verified

A goodness of fit occurs when a child's temperament matches:

Correct Answer
verified

Attachment refers to:

Correct Answer
verified

With regard to the physiological basis of temperament,Jerome Kagan argues that children inherit a physiology that predisposes them to develop a particular type of temperament.He also believes that:

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 4: Socioemotional Development in Infancy

What types of behaviors in caregivers create a sense of shame and doubt in children?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An infant's distressed reaction when the caregiver leaves.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Marcos is 16 and eager to graduate from high school and go on to college.He has a clear sense of what he wants for a career and has well-defined values.Which of the following best accounts for Marcos' sense of identity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Javier and his father are at the circus.A clown jumps in front of them,and Javier looks at his father to see if he is afraid or laughing.Javier is using:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Define attachment.

Correct AnswerverifiedAttachment is a clos...View AnswerShow Answer

In the Strange Situation,Latoya basically ignored her mother,was not upset when she left the room,and did not seek her out when she returned.Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Latoya as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following would Erik Erikson be most likely to recommend about soothing a crying infant?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

List the four types of attachment as identified by Mary Ainsworth (1979)and measured in the Strange Situation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Juanita notes that some days with her baby are harder than others."When I'm rested,he laughs and plays,and then I feel even better.But when I'm tired,it seems that he is crankier than ever,and then I get even crankier,and it just gets worse and worse!" These differences are the result of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answerverifiedinsecure r...View AnswerShow Answer

Three-month-old Zoey looks up at her mother and smiles.Researchers call this type of smiling:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

This theorist stressed the importance of "contact comfort" in the development of attachment between an infant and his or her caregiver.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

This theorist argues that inhibition is one of the key characteristics of temperament.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the classic study of attachment by Harlow,including the outcomes of that study.

Correct AnswerverifiedThese researchers evaluated whether feed...View AnswerShow Answer

According to Jerome Kagan (2002,2003) ,temperament can be classified by focusing on:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If an infant is raised in a neglectful environment and is not comforted or soothed during distress,the infant will most likely be delayed in:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nine-month-old Tyler is placed in front of a mirror with a spot of rouge on his nose.Tyler will most likely:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A goodness of fit occurs when a child's temperament matches:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Attachment refers to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

With regard to the physiological basis of temperament,Jerome Kagan argues that children inherit a physiology that predisposes them to develop a particular type of temperament.He also believes that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Attachment is a clos...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified
insecure r...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified
These researchers evaluated whether feed...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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