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Which phase of the business cycle would be most closely associated with an economic contraction?


A) Peak
B) Recession
C) Trough
D) Recovery

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Proponents of zero inflation argue that even mild inflation (1 to 3 percent) reduces the economy's real output.

A) True
B) False

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The following items describe the responses of four individuals to a Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) survey of employment. 1. Mollie just graduated from college and is now looking for work. She has had three job interviews in the past month, but still has not gotten a job offer. 2) George used to work in an automotive assembly plant. He was laid off six months ago as the economy weakened. He expects to return to work in a few months when national economic conditions improve. 3) Jeanette worked as an aircraft design engineer for a company that produces military aircraft until she lost her job last year when the Federal government cut defense spending. She has been looking for similar work for a year but no company seems interested in her aircraft design skills. 4) Ricardo lost his job last year when his company downsized and laid off middle-level managers. He tried to find another job for a year, but was unsuccessful and quit looking for work. Refer to the above information. Which individual is frictionally unemployed?


A) Mollie
B) George
C) Jeanette
D) Ricardo

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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The unemployment rate is interpreted as the percentage of the:


A) Adult population who are unemployed
B) Labor force that are not employed
C) Able-bodied population who are not working
D) Work force that have been laid off

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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In what circumstances would lenders most benefit?


A) When there is an unanticipated decrease in inflation
B) When there is an anticipated increase in inflation
C) When there is an unanticipated increase in inflation
D) When there is an anticipated decrease in inflation

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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A mismatch between the geographic location of workers and the location of job openings would result in which type of unemployment?


A) Wait
B) Cyclical
C) Frictional
D) Structural

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following measures the changes in the prices of a "market basket" of some 300 goods and services purchased by typical urban consumers?


A) The GDP Price Index
B) The Consumer Price Index
C) The Retail Trade survey
D) The Wholesale Price Index

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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The following items describe the responses of four individuals to a Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) survey of employment. 1. Mollie just graduated from college and is now looking for work. She has had three job interviews in the past month, but still has not gotten a job offer. 2) George used to work in an automotive assembly plant. He was laid off six months ago as the economy weakened. He expects to return to work in a few months when national economic conditions improve. 3) Jeanette worked as an aircraft design engineer for a company that produces military aircraft until she lost her job last year when the Federal government cut defense spending. She has been looking for similar work for a year but no company seems interested in her aircraft design skills. 4) Ricardo lost his job last year when his company downsized and laid off middle-level managers. He tried to find another job for a year, but was unsuccessful and quit looking for work. Refer to the above information. Which individual(s) would be included in the calculation of the natural unemployment rate?


A) Mollie only
B) George only
C) Mollie and Jeanette
D) George and Ricardo

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Assume that there is a fixed rate of interest on contracts for borrowers and lenders. If unanticipated inflation occurs in the economy, then:


A) Both lenders and borrowers benefit
B) Both lenders and borrowers are hurt
C) Borrowers are hurt, but lenders benefit
D) Lenders are hurt, but borrowers benefit

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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The following items describe the responses of four individuals to a Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) survey of employment. 1. Mollie just graduated from college and is now looking for work. She has had three job interviews in the past month, but still has not gotten a job offer. 2) George used to work in an automotive assembly plant. He was laid off six months ago as the economy weakened. He expects to return to work in a few months when national economic conditions improve. 3) Jeanette worked as an aircraft design engineer for a company that produces military aircraft until she lost her job last year when the Federal government cut defense spending. She has been looking for similar work for a year but no company seems interested in her aircraft design skills. 4) Ricardo lost his job last year when his company downsized and laid off middle-level managers. He tried to find another job for a year, but was unsuccessful and quit looking for work. Refer to the above information. Which individual is structurally unemployed?


A) Mollie
B) George
C) Jeanette
D) Ricardo

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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Okun's law indicates that for:


A) Every 1 percent that the actual unemployment rate exceeds the natural unemployment rate, a 2 percent GDP gap is generated
B) Every 1 percent that the actual unemployment rate exceeds the natural unemployment rate, a 5 percent GDP gap is generated
C) A 5 percent GDP gap, a 1 percent increase in the natural unemployment rate is generated
D) A 2 percent GDP gap, a 2 percent increase in the actual unemployment rate is generated

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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For a given amount of nominal income, the real income will:


A) Fall if the price level rises
B) Fall if the price level falls
C) Be unaffected if the price level falls
D) Rise as the price level rises

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Unemployment rates for men and women normally are very similar. In the Great Recession of 2007-09, the unemployment rate for men:


A) Remained roughly similar to that for women
B) Was slightly lower than that for women
C) Was much lower than that for women
D) Significantly exceeded that for women

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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If the CPI rises from 125 to 140 from one year to the next, then the rate of inflation is 15 percent.

A) True
B) False

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Unemployment rates for skilled workers compared to unemployment rates for unskilled workers are:


A) Lower, because skilled workers tend to be employed in less cyclically vulnerable industries, such as the services and nondurable goods industries
B) Higher, because skilled workers tend to be employed in more cyclically vulnerable industries, such as the durable goods industry
C) Higher, because businesses are less likely to retain the more costly skilled workers no matter what type of industry
D) Lower, because skilled workers tend to be primarily employed by government at the local, state, and Federal levels

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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If the average level of nominal income in a nation is $44,000 and the price level index is 175, the average real income would be about:


A) $18,857
B) $25,143
C) $44,000
D) $77,000

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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  Refer to the diagram above. The phases of the business cycle from points A to D are, respectively: A)  Peak, recession, expansion, trough B)  Trough, recovery, expansion, peak C)  Expansion, recession, trough, peak D)  Peak, recession, trough, expansion Refer to the diagram above. The phases of the business cycle from points A to D are, respectively:


A) Peak, recession, expansion, trough
B) Trough, recovery, expansion, peak
C) Expansion, recession, trough, peak
D) Peak, recession, trough, expansion

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following is a correct statement?


A) It is relatively easy to distinguish between cost-push and demand-pull inflation even if you don't know the source of the inflation
B) A supply shock will cause a variation of demand-pull inflation that can lead to hyperinflation
C) Demand-pull inflation will continue so long as there is excess total spending in the economy
D) Demand-pull inflation is usually accompanied by higher unemployment rates

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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The rate of unemployment when the economy is at its potential output is called the:


A) Full-employment rate of unemployment
B) Natural rate of unemployment
C) Structural rate of unemployment
D) Frictional rate of unemployment

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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If you knew that the per-unit production cost was $8 and that the total cost of inputs was $1,000, then the number of units of output would be:


A) 75
B) 100
C) 125
D) 150

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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