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When a firm's average total cost curve continually declines, the firm is a


A) government-created monopoly.
B) natural monopoly.
C) revenue monopoly.
D) All of the above are correct.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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The assessment by George Stigler concerning the tradeoffs between "market failure" and "political failure" in the American economy provides support for which of the following solutions to the problems of monopolies?


A) public ownership of monopolies
B) government regulation of monopolies
C) government incentives to promote competition in monopolized industries
D) doing nothing at all

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Table 15-1 Table 15-1    -Refer to Table 15-1. If the monopolist wants to maximize its revenue, how many units of its product should it sell? A)  4 B)  5 C)  6 D)  8 -Refer to Table 15-1. If the monopolist wants to maximize its revenue, how many units of its product should it sell?


A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 8

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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During the holiday season, high-end retailers frequently place a high price on merchandise on weekends and discount the price during the week. They do this because they believe that two groups of customers exist: shoppers with little free time and bargain hunters. Bargain hunters have time to shop around and frequently shop during the week. What do economists call this price strategy used by high-end retailers?


A) oligopoly
B) price discrimination
C) compensating differential
D) in-kind transfers

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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In a competitive market, a firm's supply curve dictates the amount it will supply. In a monopoly market the


A) same is true.
B) supply curve conceptually makes sense, but in practice is never used.
C) supply curve will have limited predictive capacity.
D) decision about how much to supply is impossible to separate from the demand curve it faces.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Table 15-1 Table 15-1    -Refer to Table 15-1. When 4 units of output are produced and sold, what is average revenue? A)  $17 B)  $21 C)  $23 D)  $26 -Refer to Table 15-1. When 4 units of output are produced and sold, what is average revenue?


A) $17
B) $21
C) $23
D) $26

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Figure 15-5 Figure 15-5   -Refer to Figure 15-5. A profit-maximizing monopoly's profit is equal to A)  P2 x Q3. B)  P2-P4)  x Q3. C)  P2-P5)  x Q3. D)  P1-P6)  x Q1. -Refer to Figure 15-5. A profit-maximizing monopoly's profit is equal to


A) P2 x Q3.
B) P2-P4) x Q3.
C) P2-P5) x Q3.
D) P1-P6) x Q1.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Granting a pharmaceutical company a patent for a new medicine will lead to i) a product that is priced higher than it would be without the exclusive rights. Ii) incentives for pharmaceutical companies to invest in research and development. Iii) higher quantities of output than without the patent.


A) i) and ii) only
B) ii) and iii) only
C) i) and iii) only
D) i) , ii) , and iii)

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following strategies is not an effective strategy to reduce monopoly inefficiency?


A) antitrust laws
B) price discrimination
C) doing nothing
D) breaking up a natural monopoly into more than one firm

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Figure 15-1 Figure 15-1   -Refer to Figure 15-1. The shape of the average total cost curve reveals information about the nature of the barrier to entry that might exist in a monopoly market. Which of the following monopoly types best coincides with the figure? A)  ownership of a key resource by a single firm B)  natural monopoly C)  government-created monopoly D)  a patent or copyright monopoly -Refer to Figure 15-1. The shape of the average total cost curve reveals information about the nature of the barrier to entry that might exist in a monopoly market. Which of the following monopoly types best coincides with the figure?


A) ownership of a key resource by a single firm
B) natural monopoly
C) government-created monopoly
D) a patent or copyright monopoly

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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A perfectly price-discriminating monopolist is able to


A) maximize profit and produce a socially-optimal level of output.
B) maximize profit, but not produce a socially-optimal level of output.
C) produce a socially-optimal level of output, but not maximize profit.
D) exercise illegal preferences regarding the race and/or gender of its employees.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Figure 15-23 Figure 15-23   -Refer to Figure 15-23. If the firm profit-maximizes, how much profit will it earn? -Refer to Figure 15-23. If the firm profit-maximizes, how much profit will it earn?

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Figure 15-21 Figure 15-21   -Refer to Figure 15-21. Which of the following areas describes the profit of this natural monopolist under socially optimal pricing? A)  ABCE B)  0HIL C)  0FGK D)  None of the above is correct. -Refer to Figure 15-21. Which of the following areas describes the profit of this natural monopolist under socially optimal pricing?


A) ABCE
B) 0HIL
C) 0FGK
D) None of the above is correct.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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A rational pricing strategy for a profit-maximizing monopolist is


A) price discrimination.
B) price segregation.
C) synergy pricing.
D) average cost pricing.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Figure 15-7 Figure 15-7   -Refer to Figure 15-7. In order to maximize profits, the monopolist should produce A)  9 units. B)  12 units. C)  15 units. D)  more than 15 units. -Refer to Figure 15-7. In order to maximize profits, the monopolist should produce


A) 9 units.
B) 12 units.
C) 15 units.
D) more than 15 units.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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A patent gives a single person or firm the exclusive right to sell some good or service forever.

A) True
B) False

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Monopolies are socially inefficient because the price they charge is


A) equal to marginal revenue.
B) above marginal cost.
C) equal to demand.
D) above demand.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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